Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study

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Antunes, J.; Pinheiro, T.; Marques, I.; Pires, S.; Botelho, M. Filomena; Sampaio, J. M.;; A. Belchior, 2025, "Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study", https://doi.org/10.5072/FK2/WPBROG, Repositório ACNCA, V1

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Description	Abstract Background Cell culture can be categorized into two major types: adherent and suspension. Both are used in a range of diverse research applications, exhibiting Pros and Cons, depending on what is being studied. In the field of Internal Emitters (IE), different morphological features such as nuclei size, cytoplasm ratio, and shape could influence its non-uniformity deposition and thus impact on the biological outcome. In this work we tested the hypothesis that cellular morphology differences, offered by adherent and suspension cultures, influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Methods Using two PC3 cellular models, taken using confocal microscopy, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of different irradiation conditions on cellular Survival Fractions (SF). Our simulations focused on cells exposed to two distinct irradiation sources: 60Co and 14 MeV protons, along both the longer and shorter axes of the cells to assess directional influences on cell survival. Additionally, we compared the SF of cells adherent to the culture flask with those in suspension, reflecting different experimental and potentially clinical scenarios. Results In the absence of AuNPs, neither cell type nor irradiation direction significantly affected SF for the radiation types tested. However, with AuNPs present, SF demonstrated a strong dependence on irradiation direction and cell morphology. Conclusions Our results indicate that the direction of irradiation plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of AuNPs in reducing SF. Furthermore, the results suggest that using cells in suspension will reduce the dependence of cell survival on the beam direction during irradiation, regardless of the radiation quality used.
Subject	Physics; Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Keyword	Gold nanoparticles, Radiosensitizers, Monte Carlo simulation, Realistic cell model, Cell culturing, Direction of irradiation, Cell survival fraction
Related Publication	Is Cited By: Antunes, J., Pinheiro, T., Marques, I. et al. Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study. EJNMMI Phys 12, 41 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-025-00746-3doi: 10.1186/s40658-025-00746-3
Notes	Antunes, J.; Pinheiro, T.; Marques, I.; Pires, S.; Botelho, M. Filomena; Sampaio, J. M.; et al. (2025). Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7777126.v1
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Persistent Identifier	doi:10.5072/FK2/WPBROG
Publication Date	2025-12-30
Title	Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study
Alternative URL	https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Do_cell_culturing_influence_the_radiosensitizing_effect_of_gold_nanoparticles_a_Monte_Carlo_study/7777126
Other Identifier	Springer Nature: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7777126
Author	Antunes, J. (LIP ; Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa) Pinheiro, T. (Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa ; iBB– Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa) Marques, I. (Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra ; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Univ Coimbra) Pires, S. (Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra ; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Univ Coimbra ; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)) Botelho, M. Filomena (Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra ; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Univ Coimbra ; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)) Sampaio, J. M.; (LIP ; Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa) A. Belchior (Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa ; Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa)
Point of Contact	Use email button above to contact. J. Antunes (LIP) A. Belchior (Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa ; Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa)
Description	Abstract Background Cell culture can be categorized into two major types: adherent and suspension. Both are used in a range of diverse research applications, exhibiting Pros and Cons, depending on what is being studied. In the field of Internal Emitters (IE), different morphological features such as nuclei size, cytoplasm ratio, and shape could influence its non-uniformity deposition and thus impact on the biological outcome. In this work we tested the hypothesis that cellular morphology differences, offered by adherent and suspension cultures, influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Methods Using two PC3 cellular models, taken using confocal microscopy, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of different irradiation conditions on cellular Survival Fractions (SF). Our simulations focused on cells exposed to two distinct irradiation sources: 60Co and 14 MeV protons, along both the longer and shorter axes of the cells to assess directional influences on cell survival. Additionally, we compared the SF of cells adherent to the culture flask with those in suspension, reflecting different experimental and potentially clinical scenarios. Results In the absence of AuNPs, neither cell type nor irradiation direction significantly affected SF for the radiation types tested. However, with AuNPs present, SF demonstrated a strong dependence on irradiation direction and cell morphology. Conclusions Our results indicate that the direction of irradiation plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of AuNPs in reducing SF. Furthermore, the results suggest that using cells in suspension will reduce the dependence of cell survival on the beam direction during irradiation, regardless of the radiation quality used.
Subject	Physics; Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Keyword	Gold nanoparticles Radiosensitizers Monte Carlo simulation Realistic cell model Cell culturing Direction of irradiation Cell survival fraction
Related Publication	Is Cited By: Antunes, J., Pinheiro, T., Marques, I. et al. Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study. EJNMMI Phys 12, 41 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-025-00746-3 doi: 10.1186/s40658-025-00746-3
Notes	Antunes, J.; Pinheiro, T.; Marques, I.; Pires, S.; Botelho, M. Filomena; Sampaio, J. M.; et al. (2025). Do cell culturing influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7777126.v1
Depositor	LIP
Deposit Date	2025-12-30

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